A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay

A Stakeholder In A Pharmaceutical Organization Commerce Essay A stakeholder in a pharmaceutical organization is an individual or a group of people with one common goal and interest towards the ownership and activities of the organization (Daft, 2011). In a general organizational setup, stakeholders can be divided into two categories, the primary stakeholder and the secondary stakeholder. The primary stakeholders have the utmost responsibility in a company. They include the company suppliers, consumers using the companys pharmaceutical product, the medical research institute, employees working in the organization and the company shareholders. The primary stakeholders form the basic fundamental foundation towards a companys success or failure because of their participation in the direct economical situation. The secondary stakeholders do not have an integral part in the economic process but they are as useful as the primary stakeholders are. These include the government, trade unions, the media, and political parties and action groups (Hellriegel , Jackson Slocum, 2007). In terms of management, having an organization run by individuals can result to the greed and misuse of finances. According to research carried out, about sixty nine percent of corporate executives do not consider the general publics best interest while making decisions and another ninety four percent of corporate executives make their decisions first and foremost on the foundation of making an advancement in their own line of business (Daft, 2011). In modern companies, there are two forms of ownership. The ownership theory of a company is one form of ownership. Here an individual owns the company. The sole purpose of the company is to make great profits over the years with its stakeholders interests at heart. The stakeholder theory of ownership is the other form of company ownership. This theory argues that such companies have the sole responsibility of promoting good work ethics and create value for the society. Even though the stakeholder theory aims at making profits, it should s trive to ensure it creates a source of income for others especially the large community. Corporate stakeholders and respond to their issues Corporate management Stakeholders in a pharmaceutical company are divided into stages. The first stage of stakeholders includes the key management of the company like the corporate executives, marketing, and the leaders who offer their opinion regarding the pharmaceutical industry like the consultants. Their key issue is to establish a growth strategy of the company, enhance transparency, and manage potential harm towards stakeholders and the society and code of ethics among the various departments in the company (Kolb Schwartz, 2009). Since the community and the pharmaceutical company are interdependent, the main purpose of the company is to maintain and adapt to the corporate social responsibility (Hellriegel, Jackson Slocum, 2007). A good example is the risks involved when it comes to patients and drugs. An ideal management in a pharmaceutical company would consider the provision of drugs, which will help increase chances of survival instead of trying to avoid patient risk. Regulatory Institutions The second third stage of pharmaceutical stakeholders includes the regulatory institutions. Regulatory institutions are establishments that take part in ensuring the drugs that have been manufactured are of the right quality, and manufactured as per the stipulated mandate and drug manufacturing requirements (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). When a drug has been developed and it meets the requirements of the relevant drug regulatory body, it obtains permit for consumption by the society. A regulatory stakeholder is of great importance especially in the society. It helps prevent the sale of medicine, which is of low quality or medicine sold by pharmaceutical companies that can be detrimental to ones health. The regulatory bodies are also responsible in promotion of manufactured drugs to the market and in the process, they help influence the companys investments and expertise. The regulatory institutions act as consultants regarding drug related issues. Marketing The third stage of pharmaceutical stakeholder involves the marketing team in the company. Marketing pharmaceutical drugs require good advertising skills and sufficient consumer research. Employing the use of strategic marketing is appealing and attracts the end user. This method also helps in dealing with companies that produce similar drugs known as Me-Too drugs. Me-Too drugs have similar chemical compound to the existing drug and they perform similar action performance towards ones body. Good marketing strategy of the pharmaceutical organization will ensure the genuine drug that has been produced is sold at a fairly reasonable price and curb competition from other companies (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). Research and Development Another important stakeholder in this stage is the team that takes part in research and development of a pharmaceutical drug. The biopharmaceutical research and industry paves way to discovering new and efficient drugs (Babler, 2011). Past medical research has been conducted on traditional medical outcomes and remedies then regarded as a discovery. Due to modernized biological technology, research has focused on understanding the different diseases and how they affect the human immune system. This extensive research has also led to discoveries of how to manipulate the human body in a bid to counteract the disease without damaging the cells inside ones system (Babler, 2011). Through research, development of new drugs has become possible. As stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, scientists who carry out biopharmaceutical research with the help of doctors, chemists and regulatory experts work together to ensure there is the successful development of a drug and it has been approve d for consumption (Babler, 2011). This helps in providing a clean source of treatment to the society. End User The end user is the fourth stage of pharmaceutical stakeholder ship. This includes the general public, patients, health providers, health related institutions and the government. The doctors and hospitals as the health providers ensure that approved drugs manufactured and sold by the pharmaceutical companies are put to the right use. Certain drugs like morphine are addictive and if misused, they could turn to be dangerous and lethal therefore the need to be under control. It is only the medical practitioner who is in a position to administer use of such pharmaceutical drugs. The government has a major role to play in the pharmaceutical industry. One of its core roles is the funding of research and development of medical related devices (Babler, 2011). They help in creating incentives for smaller pharmaceutical companies so that they may come up with an independent research on new patent drugs. The government through the Food and Drug Administration is also responsible for approval of safe drugs that are effective (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). The government through the congress is responsible for coming up with stringent measures regarding the manufacture of drugs and fraud related cases by pharmaceutical companies (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). The role of the industry in its economic, political and social setting Economic role In the society, a business enterprise is the basic unit of the economy (Daft, 2011). The pharmaceutical company being a business institution produces goods for consumption and services too. These goods and services are essential for a societys well being because the drugs are used to treat various diseases that affect individuals. In the process, the company strives ahead and maximizes its profits for the companys shareholders and team members. This in turn improves the economy of the nation since the workers earn a living, the government taxes are paid and other stakeholders including the society benefit from the company. An example includes the Pfizer pharmaceutical company, one of the largest drug related companies, which is involved in offering grants and scholarships to institutional based healthcare facilities. They are also involved in scholarship programs with the neediest individuals in the society thus making them better individuals (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Over the p revious years, the American pharmaceutical companies are making such tremendous milestones in terms of economic development as compared to other manufacturing related companies (National Academies Press, 2012). When it comes to price regulation of drug in the society, the pharmaceutical company plays an important role. With the emergence of new pharmaceutical companies, the drug industry has become competitive to the extent of the existence of market power in the economy because of the production of patent drugs (Danzon, 2006). In the American health care, insurance companies have taken a major role in ensuring the American citizens get the required medical treatment at a subsidized price. This move has enabled the pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of their drugs to suit the needs of the American economic society. In addition, the pharmaceutical companies have resulted to address the economic issues of the society through developing drugs that have the same effect as the patent drug known as me too and then repackaging into similar quantities but in different sachets or economic friendly containers so as to suit the financial capabilities of the majority in the society. At the sa me time, this move boosts the corporate sales due to the increase in market demand. Price regulation in a country affects the availability of drugs in the country as well as other countries Social role In a society, there are rules and guidelines that ought to be followed for an effective and cordial relationship. These rules define the importance of what a good society ought to be. The pharmaceutical companies being part of the society have to follow the legal rules with regard to the corporate rules (Hellriegel, Jackson Slocum, 2007). The major role of a pharmaceutical company to the society is discovering and developing new vaccines and drugs (Babler, 2011). HIV and AIDS are a major challenge to the society, and numerous pharmaceutical companies have undertaken an indepth research of determining the cure with about two hundred different drugs and vaccines both in developing and developed nations (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Most pharmaceutical companies opt to conduct such research independently but others would try and incorporate the stakeholders. According to most of the pharmaceutical companies vision of creating and developing quality medicines to save millions of lives and at the same time improve the global lifestyles of people, these industries have continued to expand their all time efforts in making sure the needy patients in the society receive the medicines they require (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). One corporate social responsibility the pharmaceutical company has towards the social well being is by addressing the issue of HIV and AIDS. These companies have created platforms that increase the awareness among potential victims. The companies have also ensured the ease of use and convenience of patient friendly and potent drugs, together with disease therapy acts at ensuring the well being of a society (Freeman, Velamuri Moriarty, 2006). This move is crucial towards maintaining the corporate stakeholder relationship and trust. In the long run, the sick patient will be faithful in taking the pharmaceutical companys medication to manage the disease better and the company would have obtained its financial gains together with the patient trust on their products. Political role In the drug manufacturing companies, the pharmaceutical companies are by far the majority producers of drugs and they have an expected global budget of about sixteen billion dollars (Abraham, 2002). The demand market of a pharmaceutical company is tremendously high regardless of the economy (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Each and every new day there are new cases of disease outbreaks that require urgent medical attention. The health care remains constant regardless of the changing economic conditions (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). These pharmaceutical companies make a lot of money in the form of profits at the expense of the majority of the American citizens and in most cases, citizens from the third world countries. Even though the pharmaceutical companies are making tremendous steps in addressing eminent diseases, the public health interests of individuals and the commercial interests of the pharmaceutical company tend to coincide (Abraham, 2002), thus making clinical trials become hard and expensive because human rights activists have addressed this issue and many developed countries tend to avoid such participation. In the American political scene, pharmaceutical companies do not have the mandate to distribute drugs directly to patients. They pass through the government related health care agencies (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). These agencies are responsible for determining and handling the import and export regulations. These government agencies tend to have an important political factor in determining the manufacturing, production and distribution of certain companies. Since the state management is responsible for protecting and ensuring the safety of the general publics health, they have developed a system that regulates the drugs from the pharmaceutical companies (Abraham, 2002). These regulations can confirm whether the drugs produced are safe, and they meet the standards for consumption by people. In developing a drug in America, it takes six years for the drug to be tested and approved (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). After such strenuous efforts, just a few drugs that have been manufact ured by the pharmaceutical companies end up being consumed by the public. This combined with the fact that it costs a lot of money for research and testing, and the fact that the FDA is in charge of setting the guidelines in accordance with the other major regulations for the manufacture of the drugs (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Since the pharmaceutical companies want the safety and efficiency standards of the Food and Drug Administration to be high and avoid future drug related legal and medical disasters, which cause a bad reputation for the company, they strictly adhere to the rules and regulations (Abraham, 2002). In case the pharmaceutical companies interests tend to conflict with the public health, the government agencies role becomes very crucial. The more a pharmaceutical company influences the perception of the government agencies, the better it stands at lobbying such government agencies to act at their interests (Abraham, 2002). A number of FDA officials tend to work together with the companies in ensuring the FDA directives are not broken due and the drug companies have no queries whatsoever with such agencies. The reason for this act is because the FDA is a government agency that tends to be problematic towards adherence of the strictest health regulations of the pharmaceutical companies, and the majority of the FDA authorities started to work in the pharmaceutical company level as scientists and low-level employees. Most FDA employees would rather seek re-employment in the companies they worked for at higher career level (Abraham, 2002) because of the good monthly package and the more than appealing severance pay they get at retirement. In the American market, pharmaceutical companies have another important role to play. When it comes to the American elections, large multinational companies seek to support one candidate to become the president so that in future, they might be of help to the company. The pharmaceutical companies tend to offer their more than generous support in the political parties with more chances of winning the elections. This in turn will ensure there is a form of gratitude from the political parties and members of the congress in terms of amending certain health care bills in the companys favor thus lobbying the congress (Williams, Gabe Davis, 2009). Accountability is another role the pharmaceutical companies play in terms of politics. The pharmaceutical industries have an upper hand in gaining major political influence and support with regards to drug regulation (Abraham, 2002). These companies can be able to persuade the government and drug and health care related organizations that other parties interested in the manufacture of drugs and their consumption, like the consumer based industries, the medical and scientific society can have minimal or no rights at all in the access of the FDA regulatory process (Abraham, 2002). Domestic and international ethics Ethics can be defined as the moral beliefs that help an individual determine what is right or wrong (Daft, 2011). In work ethics, it would be wrong if one individual makes decisions based on their perception in a bid to gain at the expense of other stakeholders. An organization incorporating a self-regulating mechanism that monitors, guides and ensures compliance of the law is one that has been built on ethical and social grounds in relation to the business model of philosophy (Daft, 2011). Even though the pharmaceutical industry has made a tremendous progress in terms of research and the development of drugs that can treat malignant diseases like cancer, tension has emanated between the consumers and the company. Many feel that the pharmaceutical companies are not doing their social responsibility as expected. Human experimentation is an important advancement of scientific research. Clinical trials serve as a means of confirming the effectiveness of a drug as per the government health care agencies (Valverde, 2001). Even though these clinical trials are expensive, and have steep regulations to adhere to, they provide health care to the underprivileged communities. With the huge number of pharmaceutical trials being conducted, a growing number of Americans have reported that the experimental drugs have been problematic due to ethical issue, exploitation; globalization of clinical trials deems the only suitable solution. This has prompted the pharmaceutical companies to outsource from other nations especially the third world countries because of the level of ignorance, cost implications, and the fact that regulations in such nations are not as strict as those in America. According to current research, the majority of the clinical drugs tested in the developing nations forms the basic development and approval of the new patent drugs in the developed nations. These drugs are extremely expensive and it is only the citizens of wealthy nations who can access and enjoy the benefits of such health care (NBAC). Because clinical trial in other countries has become popular with pharmaceutical companies, worldwide health organizations have come together in a bid to secure the future of the participants taking part in the clinical trial and as well to protect their human rights. The United Nations and the World Health Organization are among the international human rights agencies that have steered the campaign (Lee, 2010). The goals of these organizations are to ensure the better protection of the trial participants health and human rights. The other goal of these organizations is to ensure that the pharmaceutical companies inform their participants about the risks and benefits that come about with the research on the new drug. The pharmaceutical company ought to inform the trial patients that as per the health care regulations, one ought to consider the health implications before venturing into such tasks, and it should be an individuals free will to participate in such research (Lee, 2010). Ecological and natural resources Pharmaceutical companies in a bid to conserve their environment, they have become very active and in the process, achieving very impressive results. One way is by enacting strict rules and regulations regarding the environmental conservation. Sustaining an ecological system in accordance to the plant and animal life becomes a stepping-stone in improving the environment (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). Even though the amounts of waste produced by pharmaceutical corporations are insignificant as compared to the other multinational corporations, they still play an important role in environmental stewardship (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). With an organizations growth, there comes the need to deal with certain environmental concerns including soil and water pollution. This helps in conserving the ecology from contamination and extinction. Global warming has caused so many problems because of pollution and as per the Environmental agencies directives, numerous pharmaceutical companies have introduce d new and clean manufacturing processes that reduce waste production and minimize the negative ecological impact. Taking a look into the pharmaceutical companies, they consist of other subsidiary businesses that are involved in manufacturing, processing and formulating the medicinal chemicals in pharmaceutical products that can be consumed readily. The process of converting the botanical products into powder form and the formulating them into capsules, suspension or ointments can be very risky to the environment. Another thing about pharmaceutical companies is that they tend to focus on two major areas of human research that is in vitro and in vivo (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The pharmaceutical products that are produced include vaccines, human and animal blood derivatives, blood plasma, and the toxoids (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The process of manufacturing such products in this sector of research tends to be dangerous because of the radioactive, biological and chemical wastes they produce, which have adverse environmental impacts (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). According to research carried out by t he multinational health care corporations, quite a number of these organizations have realized that their company facilities can cause environmental pollution and be detrimental to the safety and health of their primary stakeholders (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). An environment that has been polluted by commercial activities can lower the quality of life in such areas the organization is located and being a fortune five hundred company, they tend to suffer a lot of financial losses in the process. Adopting the Environmental Management Systems, EMS is the other way the pharmaceutical companies have taken an integral part in safeguarding the natural and ecological resources. These management systems comply with the International Organization for Standardizations (ISO) 14000 guide that advocates the reduction of waste products and the negative environmental degradation by a pharmaceutical company as a result of the processes related to manufacturing and production (Berry RondJnelli, 2000). The fundamental elements of an ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems are; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To define the available public policies regarding management of the environment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An organizations well-defined assignment towards management of the environment, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Management programs addressing a business and its relation to the environment in the companys performance plans, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Process of reviewing the management in order to have a continuous environmental performance and improvement, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Programs that ease the work of measuring, assessing auditing, and reporting the performance results of environmental management. Social issues As a result of creating awareness and improving the global standards, there was a need for the regulatory boards concerned with the pharmaceutical companies to come together and standardize the safety regulations and quality associated with consumers so as to provide safe and quality products efficiently (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Different nations came together under their various health care organizations to form standardized health care measures especially in addressing pharmaceutical companies and their role in production of drugs. The International Conference on Harmonization, ICH was a body created by several nations in order to represent the regulatory organizations and industries that deal with carrying out research (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). The pharmaceutical companies while addressing the emerging global issues are trying to attempt their participation in the business industry by coming up with standards that ensure the safety of the product. The majority of these organizations are addressing incumbent social norms towards attaining a sustainable society. This boosts their trust among the society further in addition to being successful companies in the past (Castner, Hayes Shankle, 2007). Rating pharmaceutical companies relating to Social issues While rating the pharmaceutical companies, I think they are in a better position to achieve more in creating awareness and improving global standards. Numerous nations are ignorant about the new rules and regulations surrounding health care. Instead of pharmaceutical companies taking advantage of them like the way a majority of such companies are doing, they ought to educate them and make them conversant about the current societal activities and enlighten such communities about the guidelines of conducting clinical tests. Pharmaceutical companies should form partnerships with government agencies in the developing world to come up with strategies of involving them not only as lab rats but as important stakeholders in the process of developing medicinal drugs at the least environmental degradation. Pharmaceutical companies overall performance in accordance with the core values of Saint Leo University Saint Leo University is a Catholic University, and it upholds high levels of integrity in terms of achieving their core values and objectives. The pharmaceutical companies ought to emulate the values set aside in attainment of the stipulated code of ethics in the workplace. In my opinion, pharmaceutical companies have strived greatly in achieving the same core values like Saint Leo University. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Excellence: In terms of excellence, pharmaceutical companies have made a tremendous milestone in the discovery of drugs that can help in curing diseases especially the malignant diseases like cancer, and HIV and AIDS. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community: Pharmaceutical companies have strived hard to ensure there is interdependence between the company and its stakeholders while progressing to making medical discoveries. They encourage the spirit of belonging among their staff members and the society. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Respect: By respecting the environment, the pharmaceutical companies have attained the admiration and trust by the society. In helping conserve the environment, the companies have helped to solve a huge menace to the society. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Responsible stewardship: Stewardship is the act of adopting something and owning it. The bid by pharmaceutical companies in owning their society and conserving it ensures they have maximum optimization of the available resources but at minimal environmental and resource depletion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Integrity: Pharmaceutical companies have created trust and honesty among the company stakeholders and shareholders. Being transparent in the financial objectives has been a stepping stone in accomplishing its goals and responsibilities. Building company- societal trust ensures integrity too.

The Sad Comedy of Really Bad Food

Ms. Moskowitz wants to give her readers a sense of her perspective and her style as she begins this restaurant review. Her opening paragraph shows that she seems to have a casual, common-sense approach to her reviews unlike some stuffy, formal food critics. She also shows that her sense of humor will be a component of her reviews. 2. A good server is an essential component of an enjoyable dining experience. Good service stands out in the mind of the customer, and poor service stands out even more. A good server should be conscientious, polite, friendly and knowledgeable.He should attend to his customers’ needs from the moment the customer is seated. He should never exude an air of pretentiousness or aloofness. He should know the menu thoroughly from cover to cover and he should have several recommendations for specialties of the house. He should visit his tables regularly without ever hinting that the customers need to rush through their meals. If the restaurant has a wine men u, he should know the wines well at all price points. In short, he should take pride in his job and treat his customers with respectful, attentive and friendly service.Service sometimes breaks down when management is not supervising the staff satisfactorily. Also, some servers exhibit an unhelpful, casual attitude about their work. Managers should heed the complaints of customers who receive substandard service and either discipline of fire bad servers. A good restaurant with good food cannot thrive with a poor service staff. 3. A restaurant customer is within her rights to send poor food back to the kitchen, and it is advisable for the restaurant to satisfy the customer at the expense of preparing her food again.One instance of poor food quality will cause many customers to cease their visits to that restaurant. Moskowitz may have decided to not send back numerous bad dishes because she thought that the chefs were invariably lacking and incapable of correcting their errors. I would not hesitate to send back food that was clearly prepared improperly. For example, if I requested a medium-rare steak and it arrived as well-done, I would send it back with no regrets whatsoever. 4. Ms Moskowitz displays fairness when she lauds the otherwise poor restaurant’s quality offerings.By complimenting their desserts and wines, she proves that she is open-minded, even eager to find any possible positives that might appeal to her readers. Her praise in the midst of many criticisms shows her sense of balance and fair play for the restaurants she reviews. 5. Ms. Moskowitz’s tone in this review is matter-of-fact, casual, vivid and humorous. She does not hesitate to vividly describe the poor service and the poor food. Yet, ironically, she seems to laugh off her mostly inferior, unsatisfying dining experience. She writes in a casual, almost colloquial tone with frequent injections of humor.This tone, in light of the poor dining experience that she endured, is fitting because it gives the reader a reason to read the entire review despite its many negative comments. Marrakech 1. This navvy, or workman, is referred to as â€Å"an employee of the Municipality† because he is so oppressed by his plight that he is incredulous that a man could be casually feeding bread to a gazelle while he and his brethren are perpetually poor and starving. Orwell paints such underprivileged people as helpless, even sub-human, and his pessimistic views of individual opportunity are depressing throughout this short story.2. The average tourist in Marrakech is probably going to be busy and preoccupied with meeting an itinerary. As such, this average observer may not notice the plight of the native citizens. Orwell, with his dark, bleak outlook, searches for and finds victims everywhere he looks. He regularly assumes that the native working people are hapless and helpless to escape their seemingly dire circumstances. Orwell even notes that it took him some time th ere to begin to start noticing the natives in all their wallowing misery. 3.The laborers in Marrakech are â€Å"partly invisible† because they are dark-skinned and tend to blend into the landscape. Tourists and observers there are much more likely to notice the natural scenery than the native workers. Orwell invariably paints these natives as helpless victims and their â€Å"invisibility† adds to that bleak assessment. In the United States, a land of undeniable opportunity, he would probably also paint menial laborers as invisible and pitiful. To the contrary, ordinary, hard-working citizens are the fabric and driving force behind America and its exceptional history of success.Orwell would be in a difficult position if he tried to paint ordinary American citizens as poor victims who have little chance for success and happiness. 4. Orwell’s Marrakech is saturated with political messages. Chief among them is the supposed victimhood of average, working people. His bleak, pessimistic portrayal of their plight is depressing and debatable. His one-sided view does not mention the positive aspects of these natives’ lives. Despite living in very trying conditions, these natives must have some happiness and some opportunity to live, work and provide for their families.It is sad and unrealistic how Orwell seems to always paint ordinary people as helpless, joyless victims of their environment. 5. The storks and â€Å"great white birds† are metaphors for the ruling white class that has power over the helpless Negro soldiers and slaves. The whites are going in a safe direction while the hapless Negros are forced to sacrifice and go in the other direction. His blanket view of white prejudice towards blacks is insulting and demeaning to honorable people who judge others based on their character and their actions.Orwell cannot help himself as he belabors the dubious point of minority victimhood and helplessness. 6. The five sections in Orwell ’s short story are somewhat incongruent, but are not difficult to follow. Invariably, the images of human nature and the strength of the human spirit are stifled and skewed by Orwell’s jaded, dark and pessimistic views. Evidently, he needed to visit and observe some people who had joy and happiness as part of their lives before he deemed most people as oppressed.

Gender Issues in the Workplace Essay

Introduction Believe it or not women have had rights in the work force for over two hundred years. Women should be treated as equals with men in the work place, but that is not always the case. Companies need to be careful with gender issues; they could lead to law suits and cost millions of dollars. People whether it is men or women should be hired, promoted, or given raises based on their experience not their gender. Dealing with gender issues in the work place can create many problems that can be solved by treating all employees equally. Women have been denied rights in the work place for many years. There are many laws in place to protect women in the workplace. Not all employers follow these laws; women still on an average make less than men. This is why women should prepare themselves with knowing the current laws that deal with gender issues in the work place. Purpose and Scope To prove that women are just as valuable in the workplace as men are. Women can do the same job as men without complications. A woman working the same job as a man usually makes less money than the man. Women are sexually harassed in the work place. They are not treated as equals. Women should be treated as equals in the workplace. They should get the same pay and benefits as a man does and not be harassed because of their gender, yet this is not always the case. In explaining a little history about women’s rights, these sub-problems will also be answered: 1. Do women know that there are laws in place to protect them in the workplace? 2. How are women discriminated against in the workplace? Why? 3. What steps should women take to solve these problems? 4. What steps should employers take make sure they do not discriminate against women in the workplace? Data Graph 1: This is a graph showing the statistics on women’s human rights issues. (Source:Second Report on the Plan for Gender Equality, 2000) Graph 2: These next few quotes go with the graph. â€Å"But in the last few months, the trend has turned around: since December, job  growth has been significantly stronger for women than men. The number of employed men rose by only 83,000 in the last two months, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Friday(March 12, 2012). The number of employed women rose by 192,000† (Leonhardt, D.2012). â€Å"The recent job growth in white-collar sectors that employ large numbers of women, including education, health care, restaurants and hotels, is a major reason. The fact that new jobs continue to go disproportionately to college graduates — and women make up a majority of new college graduates — also plays a role† (Leonhardt, D.2012). Findings Past: In the past gender issues in the workplace were a major problem. Women were assigned to the temporary, part-time, or low responsibility positions because employers believed that their first priority was taking care of their families. When women got married they were likely to quit, and women who were already married would usually quit as soon as they got pregnant. Women who already had children were perceived as caring more about their children then about work. When people thought of women in the workforce they believed a man was more qualified to do the job. What the people in the past did not see; was the strong, highly motivated, and driven women that were right there to work just as hard as a man could. How women came up in the workforce: Women have rapidly climbed up the ladder in the workplace. â€Å"Back in the late 1800’s only about 18% of women were in the labor force. Then the 1900’s it jumped to about 30%.In the early 2000’s it grew to about 60%† (Blau, Ferber, & Winkler, 2006 as cited in Carr 2009). Women have come a long way in the work force, people are beginning to see women as equally qualified as a man in the workforce. In many situations today, after the economy went down, the wife is the bread winner and the husband stays home with the children. Many businesses are slowly adjusting to the new changes, and learning to treat women as equals to men. This is because of the high increase in women in the workforce. With this increase the old attitudes and behaviors had to change. How women are discriminated against in the workforce: When women are discriminated against in the workforce, such as: sexual harassment, promotions, pay, race, and hiring matters are now against the law. â€Å"Maternal and care-giving discrimination comes in all flavors: outright termination because a mother cares for her sick or disabled child; derailing an employee on track for a promotion after she gets married or creating a hostile workplace environment for pregnant employees† (Pacenti, 2008). These are just a few of the many ways that women are discriminated against in the workplace. A few more ways discrimination takes place are based on fairness among employees, race, and sexual orientation. Women should be given the same opportunities as everyone else. Our laws have changed over the past few centuries and there has been many changes in the workforce since women have entered it. Women have the determination to overcome discrimination. Laws: Over the past few decades, people have overcome and adjusted to the new definitions of gender roles. People are now more aware of the laws in effect for these issues. Over the years, many laws have went it to effect. Such as: â€Å" Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; The Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), which protects men and women who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment from sex-based wage discrimination; The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), which protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older; Title I and Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended (ADA), which prohibit employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in the private sector, and in state and local governments; Sections 501 and 505 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibit discrimination against qua lified individuals with disabilities who work in the federal government; Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA), which prohibits employment discrimination based on genetic information about an applicant, employee, or former employee; and The Civil Rights Act of 1991, which, among other things, provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment  discrimination† (The U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission). â€Å"The most current The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 law adds a provision to Title VII, which provides: unlawful employment practice occurs, with respect to discrimination in compensation in violation of this title, when a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice is adopted, when an individual becomes subject to a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice, or when an individual is affected by application of a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice, including each time wages, benefits, or other compensation is paid, resulting in whole or in part from such a decision or other practice† (Grossman 2009). All of these laws have helped women progress in the workplace. Women have continued climbing to the top of the ladder. Many employers should keep in mind when conducting interviews and in hiring, they cannot discriminate against the sex of gender of a person, their marital status, their family status, their sexual orientation, their religious beliefs, their age, any disabilities, their race, or their associations. Following these rules when interviewing or hiring will save a company from many law suites and a bad reputation. Conclusion In conclusion women should not be discriminated against because they can perform the job at hand just as well as a man could. In recent years women holding jobs has increased and they have begun to receive equal pay. With all of the new laws and previous laws that are in place women will no longer be discriminated against because there are too many consequences for employers. Hopefully all employers will begin to follow these laws, because there are still employers who do not. In closing all women should make sure they are aware of the laws in place to protect them in the workforce. References Carr, D. (2009). Gender Discrimination. Encyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.bakerzproxy.planet.info/ps/retrieve Grossman, J. (2009). The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009. Find law. Retrieved from http://writ.news.findlaw.com/grossman/20090213.html Leonhardt, D. (2012). Has the He-covery Become a She-covery? (6 month change in employment chart). The New York Times. http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/tag/women-in-the-workforce/ Pacenti, J. (2008). Workplace Discrimination: Hitting the Maternal Wall. Corporate Counsel. Retrieved from http://www.law.com/jsp/cc/PubArticleCC.jsp?id=1201255554661 The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Laws Enforced by EEOC. Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/index.cfm The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Federal laws prohibiting job Discrimination Questions and Answers. Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/qanda.html Second Report on the Plan for Gender Equality 2000 (Graph on women’s human rights issues). (2000). Women Watch. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/confer/beijing/national/japan98.htm

Are Videogames More Advantageous And Lucrative - 1494 Words

Guns blazing, grenades exploding, humans dying and being badly hurt by knives, pistols, and swords, all animated on ones T.V. that the player controls. Videogames range from jumping on mushrooms, to sprinting through a city, to eating enemies to gain their abilities, to catching and training magical animals to drive one s way to victory. however there are some that aren’t the classic, colorful, and happy videogames people are used to hearing about. Some of them are violent, ranging from shooting up a squad group like the player is in World War II, to slicing and dicing enemies with a greatsword for XP. These games are growing popular causing much controversy and bringing in many new franchises. Is this necessarily commendable, and†¦show more content†¦Lightbulb games were basically just lightbulbs stuck in an electronic box, which created games like the first football videogame. Than there was 2D games, which were like Super Mario Brothers, Sonic the Hedgehog, and Kirby Super Star. Than there were 3D games, like the Doom series, the Tomb Raider series, and the Call of Duty franchise. Now, videogames are being created in virtual reality, like the oculus rift and leap motion. Genres of videogames have evolved a whole lot when taking into consideration the creativity that goes into creating the genres. The first official genre of a videogame was a sports game, which was Pong. Then came arcade games and platformer games, like Pacman and Super Mario Brothers. After that came many different genres, such as first person shooter, or FPS, simulation, role playing games, or RPG, and Fighting games. FPS and RPG created many different subgenres, such as Indie games, 3rd person games, MMORPG’s (massively multiplayer online role playing game), and sandbox games. Videogaming consoles have evolved in great proportions, changing the face of gaming. The first Videogame console was the arcade game, which many people still play today. The fi rst home console was the Magnavox Odyssey, which turned out to be a major flop. The first ahead of the game console was the Atari 2600, which spawned the first dominant and extensive gaming franchise, Pacman. The console that